There are three major tribes in Nigeria namely Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. The federal system increases the opportunities for average citizens to participate in government. It does not store any personal data. This means autonomous states or regions come together to form a larger [] Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. States shall make agreement on how to deal with common problems that they face. V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ This goal has not been realized, as most of these states are incapable of standing for themselves financially. The Nigerian federalism is a creation of the British. Excellent, thanks a lot f Federalism can create uncertainty. Among the merits of federalism are that it promotes policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion. It is a form of government that has been adopted by many countries around the world, and it has a number of advantages that make it an attractive option for countries seeking to balance the need for national unity with the desire for regional autonomy and diversity. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mpC_7fPE3-A. They also have implied powers which are necessary in delegation of power in the nation. Federalism promotes efficiency of government: distribution of power between the state and nation provides division of work and specialization of functions. The governmental powers are shared between the federal government and the thirty-six state governments. Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. "Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages." The fear of ethnic groups overlapping regional boundaries and the loyalties of castes cutting of some extent across provincial political boundaries also encourage some groups to support wider federal unions. In other not to control only some parts of the big country, Nigeria, the colonial masters thought it wise to divide the country into different component units that will be represented in the government. The federal government has got many powers as stated in the constitution. 1. This is so because where federal principles apply, the various ethnic groups that cannot or dont form majority to produce large part may have the opportunity of governing themselves within their federating unit controlled by them. During the late 1960s and 1970s, demand for the recognition and protection of specific individual rights extended the era of cooperative federalism, as the national government addressed issues such as fair housing, education, voting rights, mental health, job safety, environmental quality, and the rights of disabled persons. the country. What are strengths and weaknesses of federalism? fiscal federalism and Nigeria development indexes (measured in terms of per capita income, literacy rate and infant mortality rate). Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. In a Unitary system, the minority states cannot govern the entire region which is controlled by majority. Take for example, in the Nigerian case of Attorney General of Federation v Attorney General of Abia and others (2002) 3 NCLR 1ar p 54, the issue of resource control in a true federalism was the bone of contention in that matter. The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. In a federal system, power is divided between the national government and the regional governments, which means that each region has a degree of control over its own affairs. When power is not centralized in a government, then there are fewer issues with individual corruption that can impact the entire nation. IvyPanda. Federalism was implemented in Nigeria as way back as 1946 during the British colonial era. Here lies the overiding importance of the two dates 25th February 2023 and 11th march 2023. Your email address will not be published. The Benefits of Federalism Among the merits of federalism are that it promotes policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion. You cannot drive a horse in Indiana above a set speed limit of 10mph. This means that the citizens always have political responsibility to both governments who also secure their rights in the country. The government demands to have war powers were created by tragedies of modern wars. A recent example in the United States of this advantage is the requirement to drug test working adults who receive welfare benefits. This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. Required fields are marked *. This form of government will also make it challenging for a single branch of government to obtain complete control over the structure. It is also an undisputed fact that the Hausas and Yorubas fought Biafra to keep the unity of Nigeria. On the subject of policy innovation, Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis observed in 1932 that "a single courageous state may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory; and . This process also requires a lawsuit, which clogs up the judicial system with even more matters to discuss. Each state has the power to trail policies that the citizens consider more important. The Founders of this country identified several reasons for creating a federalist government: To evade tyrannical rule 1. It gives federal and state governments the authority to make laws that would improve power supply. Moreover, National government shall issue grants to states to aid in state development. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. a. Federalism encourages a system of cooperation. BREAKING: Finally, Fayose former Ekiti state governor resigns from PDP, Jordan Nyesom: Wikes Son Was Shot Dead in US? This process is one of the primary reasons why democratic countries choose this form over the other governing options which are available. /Height 235 +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ 2. "Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages." Federalism provides a structure that diffuses governmental power. In theory, Nigeria is a three-tier federation, with local, state, and federal levels designated by federal law. https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/, IvyPanda. 3. /Filter /DCTDecode They will have to face legal charges for their actions in whichever state they are in. Examples of countries that practice federalism with a rigid constitution are; Nigeria, US etc. By the time Nigeria got her independence, the various party involved had been regionally based. The unity here is brought about by the desire of the component units of the federation to form union in respect of some matters. There is no doubt that geographical factored are one of the influential reasons for federalism in Nigeria. Although three major tribes (Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo) have been selected as the main Nigerian languages, the need to avoid drowning the voices of the minority groups in the stream of the major groups is both glaring and necessary for peace to reign. What Countries Use Federalism? America wanted to control all the economic activities of the nation and raising the national government powers would enable them achieve it. Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. Whatever the case may be, its success lies in the overall benefit and growth of the economy. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. The exact structures of each system can vary widely based on how the country sets up its governing process. So, what are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? They will then have special authority to control interstate businesses and trade with the foreign countries. If you go to Colorado, then it is illegal to keep a couch on your porch. What is the role of a reference librarian? Importance of Federalism in Nigeria. The top 1% of income earners own a majority of the wealth increases experienced since 2009. Possessing a lot of power will enable them have the authority to raise navy and armies that could control tragedies from happening by protecting the nation. THE BENEFITS OF FEDERALISM. Also see: Differences between Cross-offers and counter-offers, five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria. Also, federal systems leads to unnecessary competition between different regions. 6. Of course, with both pros and cons, fiscal federalism is a matter of study and debate for many economists. This is because most people after they have committed a crime in a particular state, they escape and move to other states. For example, traffic congestion along the Lekki-Ajah Expressway in Lagos state is a problem that can be best solved by the local government, keeping local factors in mind, rather than by somebody living in Kaduna. Also see: Reasons why lawyers wear wigs to court, Origin and nature of federalism in Nigeria. This content downloaded from 202.43.93 on Sat, 07 Sep 2019 03:19:32 UTC . Real federalism has never existed in Nigeria (Ajasin, 1992; Odisu, 2015). On the subject of policy innovation, Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis observed in 1932 that "a single courageous state may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory; and . Then Nigeria was organised into a federation that had three regions. Your email address will not be published. But in Nigeria, The federal government controls about 80 percent of the resources in the country, leaving the state and local government at its mercy. National decisions can sometimes compete with state decisions. Fourthly, there shall be the existence of court to interpret the constitution as it applies to cases and conflicts among the tiers of government. 4. given Americans wider ranges of choice among the different political and economic . Register or login to receive notifications when there's a reply to your comment or update on this information. 1. Live, Study and Work in Canada. Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages. national: matters that affect the country as a whole (national security, promoting national economic prosperity) state: matters that lie within their region (education, healthcare, public safety, and other public services) So, without wasting much time, what is a federal system of government? People become more involved with their government in a variety of ways when federalism is the structure in place. He is also a Developer with knowledge in HTML, CSS, JS, PHP and React Native. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Possess power would probably give them the voice to air out their grievances. For the United States, there are local, country, and state governing authorities which all have a unique set of laws and regulations for people to follow. Federalism promotes unity: the system provides a united national government deal in matters such as finance, defence, regulation of business and foreign affairs. Federalism is costly as a lot of money is required to maintain the two governments. Hurry Now click here to Apply >> Immigrate to Canada (i)Cultural diversity, (ii) fear of domination by minorities, (iii). Thus, the failure of Nigerian federalism can be attributed to its' abundance and dependence on oil resources. Endogenous (De)centralization The key intuition of fiscal federalism theory is that the benefits of decentralization are positively correlated with the geographic Nigeria is currently made up of 36 states, with Abuja as the capital. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. Need to regulate interstate commerce power. IvyPanda. Common national, racial, religious, cultural linguistic or social ties have often contributed to the unification of political unit. The national government is also entitled to forming treaties and conducting foreign policies. The federal system initially was set up to serve the 13 original colonies and was able to maintain their own powers given by the powers vested in each colonies individual constitutions. Because this structure of government looks at cooperation and sharing as its primary structure, there is an opportunity to try a different set of policies to see how they will work. 3 Advantages Of Federalism In The Philippines. Hawaii made it against the law to place a coin in your ear. Rights of the minorities are protected too. Two local governments can have two different approaches to bring reforms in any area of public domain, be it taxation or education. Among the merits of federalism are that it promotes policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion. Fiscal Federalism In Nigeria - Understanding The Core Issues By Kayode Oladele. Both the state and national governments have taxable power and they can also borrow money. If the policy proves to be beneficial, then it can be expanded to be used nationwide. The centralization of Nigeria's fiscal federalism began with the report of the Dina Commission (1968) which argued that an appropriate revenue allocation system should result in a more equitable distribution of revenue among the states to achieve a balanced development of the federation. This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. Required fields are marked *. People feel close to their communities. >> Most of the democratic countries in the world today use this method of governing, including Australia, Canada, India, and the United States. This type of government is also known as a "federation" or a "federal state" in common parlance (eg., United States of America). Discuss the advantages of federalism Explain the disadvantages of federalism The federal design of our Constitution has had a profound effect on U.S. politics. Federalism increases the level of participation by individuals. Many of them are similar, but there are also several which are not. So, our federalist form of government has several advantages, such as protecting us from tyranny, dispersing power, increasing citizen participation, and increasing effectiveness, and disadvantages, such as supposedly protecting slavery and segregation, increasing inequalities between states, states blocking national . Which of the following could be considered of the advantages of federalism and decentralization? By the time Nigeria became a republic, the system of federalism was adopted and the country was considered as a federation of three regions. The origin of federalism in Nigeria can be traced to the colonial era. Written constitution are mostly rigid, with cumbersome amendment procedure, which leads to the problem of how to easily amend it to make it suit changing needs and time. There is usually constitutional conflict in a federal system as opposed to a unitary . 7. The U.S. government threatened to pull funding from the cities choosing this action, and then filed suit against them in an effort to try getting compliance. For example, pollution from a province which is promoting industrialization in a big way can affect another region which depends solely on agriculture and cause crop damage. Political institutions, Kinship ties, Origin of towns and their cultural antecedents are enriched with similar history. So, our federalist form of government has several advantages, such as protecting us from tyranny, dispersing power, increasing citizen participation, and increasing effectiveness, and disadvantages, such as supposedly protecting slavery and segregation, increasing inequalities between states, states blocking national We utilize security vendors that protect and Each state shall give full credit and be faithful to judicial proceedings, public records and public actions of all other states. That will help you to understand more about a rigid and written constitution. Description. Because there are multiple layers of government working cooperatively with one another in a federalist system, it can be challenging at times for specific communities to know where they can receive assistance. The central government can concentrate more on international affairs and defense of the country while the provincial government can cater to the local needs. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Throughout history, it has been a political system where 2+ governments share authority over the same geographical area. What is causing the plague in Thebes and how can it be fixed? Federalism allows local governments to fight the national governments. Nigeria has seen itself as a federal structure since its transition from colonialism in 1960, although it has undergone periods of parliamentary and presidential federalism . Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. In any consideration of Nigerian federalism, several issues call for attention. It can also make the state governments selfish and concerned only about their own regions progress. 6 0 obj Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. 3. For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. November 23, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/. We use cookies and similar technologies to ensure our website works properly, personalize your browsing experience, analyze how you use our website, and deliver relevant ads to you. And even now we can see the population of Nigeria compared to other countries in Africa. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. In light of this, a constitution is said to be federal when its operates two levels of government, that is the federal and state, and each of this level exercise its different powers without interference by the other level. 1. All variables measure of fiscal federalism had a positive relationship with per capita income excluding revenue allocated to the LGA's, that of mortality rate had a negative relationship with the variables . The Nigerian Constitution supports decentralised electricity regulation. 8. Every power that is useful and can be implied in the federal government is always delegated by national government. 5. Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. Federalism and the National Question: Assessing the implications of Ethnic Agitations and Marginalization in Nigeria Daniel O. Okorie Email: obinnadaniel31@gmail.com Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, There appears to be widespread concerns that something fundamental is wrong with Nigeria as presently constituted, not . Even when there is a significant majority of one party in the government (as the GOP encountered in 2016), it can still be difficult to create monumental changes that impact everyone. This is intended to improve supply of power. The states were later increased to 30 states. Federalism encourages innovation in governing. 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