In Mississippi alone, the percentage of eligible Black voters registered to vote increased from 5 percent in 1960 to nearly 60 percent in 1968. Though she failed to win a primary, Chisholm received more than 150 votes at the Democratic National Convention. Which factor best accounts for the price change in the Model T automobile? Birmingham had become a leading focus of the civil rights movement by the spring of 1963 when Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested there while leading supporters of his Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in a nonviolent campaign of demonstrations against segregation. The New York Times.Tamir Rice. In Regarding the Pain of Others, Susan Sontag says of war, We do not and cannot imagine what it was like, how dreadful or terrifying it was, how normal it becomes. How might Sadiq be regarded as a response to Sontags statement? Harris' election represented another advance in the slow but steady progress Black Americans have made in recent decades in gaining a greater foothold in political leadership, particularly in the U.S. House of Representatives and in the Cabinets of recent presidents. The King case was eventually tried in the suburb of Simi Valley, and in April 1992 a jury found the officers not guilty. There remains, then, only one mode of using great fortunesUnder its sway we shall have an ideal state, in which the surplus wealth of the few will become, in the best sense, the property of the many, because administered for the common good, and this wealth, passing through the hands of the few, can be made a much more potent force for the elevation of our race than if it had been distributed in small sums to the people themselves. President Theodore Roosevelt, 1901 A MASS MOVEMENT NORTH. On November 13, 1956, in Browder v. Gayle, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld a lower courts decision declaring the bus companys segregation seating policy unconstitutional under the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment. Which of the following contributed most to this process towards statehood? Many western territories began to apply for statehood between the 1860s and 1900. . A series of deaths of Black Americans at the hands of police officers continued to spark outrage and protests, including Eric Garner in New York City, Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, Tamir Rice in Cleveland Ohio and Freddie Gray in Baltimore, Maryland. I like a little competition, but I like combination more." Also in 1793, Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Act, which made it a federal crime to assist an enslaved person trying to escape. Yes. gave equal voting rights to all abolished slavery *** ended the use of poll tax outlawed school segregation 3. How did the Radical Republican Reconstruction plan affect life in South Carolina? the defeat of American Indian peoples by United States troops, Some American Indian people on the Great Plains lived in buildings like those shown here because. Around the same time, the mechanization of spinning and weaving had revolutionized the textile industry in England, and the demand for American cotton soon became insatiable. More than 3 million Black Americans would register for service during the war, with some 500,000 seeing action overseas. During the 1830s, the owner of an enslaved man named Dred Scott had taken him from the slave state of Missouri to the Wisconsin territory and Illinois, where slavery was outlawed, according to the terms of the Missouri Compromise of 1820. The act also guaranteed equal voting rights by removing biased registration requirements and procedures and authorized the U.S. Office of Education to provide aid to assist with school desegregation. Only a few southern states have been readmitted to the Union. Their growing influence greatly dismayed many white southerners, who felt control slipping ever further away from them. Also known as the Black Renaissance or the New Negro Movement, the Harlem Renaissance marked the first time that mainstream publishers and critics turned their attention seriously to African American literature, music, art and politics. A.Free slave Bill After a few weeks, employers met union demands for better pay and shorter hours. to encourage American Indians to become farmers. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. C. In the 1850s, many free African Americans from the north became ranchers. States could require separate facilities for African Americans as long as the facilities were equal. Despite the efforts of the ILGWU and other labor groups, most women with factory jobs did not join unions. Other African American leaders, notably W.E.B. The Little Rock Nine forming a study group after being prevented from entering Little Rock's Central High School. King himself led another attempt on March 9, but turned the marchers around when state troopers again blocked the road; that night, a group of segregationists fatally beat a protester, the young white minister James Reeb. Many western territories began to apply for statehood between the 1860s and 1900. However, it is estimated that nearly one in three cowhands was either Mexican American or African American. What best accounts for the number of southern votes cast for Johnson's impeachment? . B. In July 1948, President Harry S. Truman finally integrated the U.S. Armed Forces under an executive order mandating that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion or national origin., READ MORE: Why Harry Truman Ended Segregation in the US Military in 1948. The next year, two of the four LAPD officers involved in the beating were retried and convicted in a federal court for violating Kings civil rights; he eventually received $3.8 million from the city in a settlement. I meant B for #1. While supporters of slavery pointed to the Turner rebellion as evidence that Black people were inherently inferior barbarians requiring an institution such as slavery to discipline them, the increased repression of southern Black people would strengthen antislavery feeling in the North through the 1860s and intensify the regional tensions building toward civil war. which policies might have made the Dawes Act more successful? Obamas appearances in both the primaries and the general election drew impressive crowds, and his message of hope and changeembodied by the slogan Yes We Caninspired thousands of new voters, many young and Black, to cast their vote for the first time in the historic election. Building rail lines created thousands of jobs. (b) Why is the formation and movement of the mud especially strange? The hashtag #BlackLivesMatter first appeared on Twitter on July 13, 2013, and spread widely as high-profile cases involving the deaths of Black civilians provoked renewed outrage. In 1868, many Lakota leaders agreed to a treaty that created a large reservation in the western half of present-day South Dakota. During World War II, many African Americans were ready to fight for what President Franklin D. Roosevelt called the Four Freedomsfreedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want and freedom from feareven while they themselves lacked those freedoms at home. PBS.org.The Matter of Black Lives. C. The laws provided African Americans with voting rights. By that time, the U.S. governments war on drugs had sent a disproportionate number of African Americans to prison, and by 2000, more Black men were incarcerated than in college. We want a minimum wage established, but we want it established by the solidarity [unity] of the working men themselves.We must not, we cannot, depend upon legislative enactments [authorizations] to set wage standards. Building rail lines created thousands of jobs. The most important early Pan-Africanists were Martin Delany and Alexander Crummel, both African Americans, and Edward Blyden, a West Indian. 2. You can ask a new question or browse more History questions. Disintegration of family structures in the African-American community has been a persistent problem for far too long. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, this frustration fueled the rise of the Black Power movement. Some cowhands dreamed of setting aside enough money to start a herd of their own. How does Shailas attitude toward Judith change during the course of the story? The years immediately following the construction of the transcontinental railroad were years of astounding growth for the United States. While its original mission was to protect Black people from white brutality by sending patrol groups into Black neighborhoods, the Panthers soon developed into a Marxist group that promoted Black Power by urging African Americans to arm themselves and demand full employment, decent housing and control over their own communities. Though the Union victory in the Civil War gave some 4 million enslaved people their freedom, significant challenges awaited during the Reconstruction period. Over the next few years, SNCC broadened its influence, organizing so-called Freedom Rides through the South in 1961 and the historic March on Washington in 1963; it also joined the NAACP in pushing for the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. He made a pilgrimage to Mecca that same year and underwent a second conversion, this time to Sunni Islam. They chose exile and abandoned the state for nine years, making periodic trips back to visit family while trying to avoid being detected. C) In the, A. It was left to Lyndon Johnson (not previously known for his support of civil rights) to push the Civil Rights Actthe most far-reaching act of legislation supporting racial equality in American historythrough Congress in June 1964. How did Gustavus Swift's introduction of refrigeration to the meat packing industry change food and ranching in the United States? C.angrily At its most basic level, the act gave the federal government more power to protect citizens against discrimination on the basis of race, religion, sex or national origin. B) After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. The following year, the 14th Amendment broadened the definition of citizenship, granting "equal protection of the Constitution to people who had been enslaved. C) In the How did the use of horses change the way American Indians hunted? C.The Emancipation Proclamation Harriet Tubman: 8 Facts About the Daring Abolitionist, How the 1876 Election Effectively Ended Reconstruction, Why Harry Truman Ended Segregation in the US Military in 1948, Why Eisenhower Sent the 101st Airborne to Little Rock After Brown v. Board, Mildred and Richard: The Love Story that Changed America, How the Greensboro Four Sit-In Sparked a Movement, Follow the Freedom Riders' Journey Against Segregation, 7 Things You May Not Know About MLKs I Have a Dream Speech, Voting Rights in the United States: Timeline, How a New Deal Housing Program Enforced Segregation, 'Unbought and Unbossed': Why Shirley Chisholm Ran for President, How Jesse Jackson's Rainbow Coalition Championed Diversity. . Thank God Almighty, we are free at last! B. What role did both men and women among Plains Indians share? C)rushed to join the Union army. They tried to have the case vacated and the ruling overturned without success. Let Your People Speak C - yes They were established as a step toward legal freedoms for African Americans C. They increased an owner's control over their enslaved. [It] is evident [obvious] that the state, and if necessary the nation, has got to possess the right of supervision and control as regards the great corporations which are its creatures; particularly as regards the great business combinations [corporations] which derive [develop] a portion of their importance from the existence of some monopolistic tendency [desire for no competition]. Many Black people looked to Booker T. Washington, the author of the bestselling Up From Slavery (1900), as an inspiration. On March 6, 1857, the U.S. Supreme Court handed down its decision in Scott v. Sanford, delivering a resounding victory to southern supporters of slavery and arousing the ire of northern abolitionists. Turner escaped and spent six weeks on the run before he was captured, tried and hanged. a)It reveals the way the Emancipation Proclamation improved Americans' lives for years, just like the way sun casts light on the dark, A) During the Civil War, many African Americans went west to work on railroads. High out-of-wedlock birth rates, absent fathers, and the lack of a family support network for many young African-Americans have led to serious problems in America's urban areas. During the Civil War, many African Americans went west to work on railroads. One of its earliest programs was a crusade against lynching and other lawless acts. -George Eastman Less than a week after the Selma-to-Montgomery marchers were beaten and bloodied by Alabama state troopers in March 1965, President Lyndon Johnson addressed a joint session of Congress, calling for federal legislation to ensure protection of the voting rights of African Americans. A? And after the war, the racist legacy of slavery would persist, spurring movements of resistance, including the Underground Railroad, the Montgomery Bus Boycott, the Selma to Montgomery March, and the Black Lives Matter movement. Garveys boast of 6 million followers in 1923 was probably exaggerated, but even his critics admitted that the UNIA had some 500,000 members. After marching from the Washington Monument, the demonstrators gathered near the Lincoln Memorial, where a number of civil rights leaders addressed the crowd, calling for voting rights, equal employment opportunities for Black Americans and an end to racial segregation. He was reelected in 2012. A. Then-candidateJoe Biden had nominated Harris in August 2020 during the Democratic partys remote national convention. READ MORE: How a New Deal Housing Program Enforced Segregation. In this way, the ghettoan inner city community plagued by high unemployment, crime and other social illsbecame an ever more prevalent fact of urban Black life. After an appeal by the local congressman and mayor of Little Rock to stop the violence, President Dwight D. Eisenhower federalized the states National Guard and sent 1,000 members of the U.S. Armys 101st Airborne Division to enforce the integration of Central High School. Learn more about the Emancipation Proclamation at brainly.com/question/27244875 #SPJ1 B.joyful Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers? The product of an interracial marriagehis father grew up in a small village in Kenya, his mother in KansasObama grew up in Hawaii but discovered his civic calling in Chicago, where he worked for several years as a community organizer on the citys largely Black South Side. The church bombing was the third in 11 days after the federal government had ordered the integration of Alabamas school system. As the growth of the cotton industry led inexorably to an increased demand for enslaved Africans, the prospect of slave rebellionsuch as the one that triumphed in Haiti in 1791drove slaveholders to make increased efforts to prevent a similar event from happening in the South. Which of the following MOST helped railroads improve their efficiency? After a massive FBI investigation (codenamed Mississippi Burning) their bodies were discovered on August 4 buried in an earthen dam near Philadelphia, in Neshoba County, Mississippi. As Americas exploding urban population faced shortages of employment and housing, violent hostility towards Black people had increased around the country; lynching, though illegal, was a widespread practice. George Washington Carver, another formerly enslaved man and the head of Tuskegees agriculture department, helped liberate the South from its reliance on cotton by convincing farmers to plant peanuts, soybeans and sweet potatoes in order to rejuvenate the exhausted soil. Samuel Gompers, 1912 . Agreeing to the treaty meant accepting a more stationary life, and relying on government-supplied subsidies. The fate of enslaved people in the United States would divide the nation during the Civil War. From the same prolific [producing a lot of something] womb of governmental injustice we breed the two great classestramps and millionaires. Also in 1966, Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale, college students in Oakland, California, founded the Black Panther Party. The quotation supports Morgan's practice of. Heavily covered by the news media, the Greensboro sit-ins sparked a movement that spread quickly to college towns throughout the South and into the North, as young Black and white people engaged in various forms of peaceful protest against segregation in libraries, on beaches, in hotels and other establishments. Though he continued to brush off any speculation of a possible future presidential run, Powell made headlines during the 2008 presidential campaign when he broke from the Republican party to endorse Barack Obama, the eventual winner and the first African American to be elected president of the United States. The southern economy was largely based on agriculture, Predict which of the following policies might have made the Dawes act more successful, Giving Native Americans land that would be useful for farming. Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers? -Terence Powderly, President of the Knights of Labor Members of the St. Louis Cardinals even threatened to strike if Robinson played; baseball commissioner Ford Frick settled the question by threatening to suspend any player who went on strike. Born in rural Mississippi to a poor unwed teenage mother, Winfrey got her start in television news before taking over a morning talk show in Chicago in 1984. Letter from a Birmingham Jail was published in the national press even as images of police brutality against protesters in Birminghamincluding children being attacked by police dogs and knocked off their feet by fire hosessent shock waves around the world, helping to build crucial support for the civil rights movement. Between 1860 and 1890, the miles of railroad track interlacing the U.S. increased ninefoldfrom 30,000 miles to 270,000 miles, and the population leapt from 31,000,000 to over 76,000,000 people. A)boarded trains for the West. There remains, then, only one mode of using great fortunesUnder its sway we shall have an ideal state, in which the surplus wealth of the few will become, in the best sense, the property of the many, because administered for the common good, and this wealth, passing through the hands of the few, can be made a much more potent force for the elevation of our race than if it had been distributed in small sums to the people themselves. Specifically, it banned literacy tests as a requirement for voting, mandated federal oversight of voter registration in areas where tests had previously been used and gave the U.S. attorney general the duty of challenging the use of poll taxes for state and local elections. In her victory speech in November 2020, Harris said that she was thinking "about the generations of women, Black women, Asian, white, Latina, Native American womenwho throughout our nations history have paved the way for this moment tonightwomen who fought and sacrificed so much for equality and liberty and justice for all.. What negative impact did gold and silver mining have in the West? C? After assisting in the Underground Railroad out of Missouri and engaging in the bloody struggle between pro- and anti-slavery forces in Kansas in the 1850s, Brown grew anxious to strike a more extreme blow for the cause. On May 18, 1896, the U.S. Supreme Court issued its verdict in Plessy v. Ferguson, a case that represented the first major test of the meaning of the 14th Amendments provision of full and equal citizenship to African Americans. After nine years in the Air Force, Meredith had studied at the allBlack Jackson State College and applied repeatedly to Ole Miss with no success. Sharecropping is a type of farming in which families rent small plots of land from a landowner in return for a portion of their crop, to be given to the landowner at the end of each year . In September, under pressure from CORE and other civil rights organizations, as well as from the attorney generals office, the Interstate Commerce Commission ruled that all passengers on interstate bus carriers should be seated without regard to race and carriers could not mandate segregated terminals. In the courts the . Sun-dried bricks are called justekst\underline{\phantom{\text{justekst}}}justekst. The one was to consider myself as a manufacturer of dry plates and to perfect them as an end in itself. Which of the following can best be inferred from looking at this map? As president of Alabamas Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, Washington urged Black Americans to acquire the kind of industrial or vocational training (such as farming, mechanics and domestic service) that would give them the necessary skills to carve out a niche for themselves in the U.S. economy. By an 81 majority, the Court upheld a Louisiana law that required the segregation of passengers on railroad cars. Between 1860 and 1890, the miles of railroad track interlacing the U.S. increased ninefoldfrom 30,000 miles to 270,000 miles, and the population leapt from 31,000,000 to over 76,000,000 people. Over the next years, however, there was little decrease in housing segregation, and violence arose from Black efforts to seek housing in white neighborhoods. Steelworkers turned millions of tons of iron into steel for tracks and engines. They further agreed to give up their nomadic life, which often brought them into conflict with other tribes in the region, with settlers, and with railroad surveys. He resigned after Bushs reelection in 2004. No tide of racism can stop us, King proclaimed from the steps of the state capitol building, addressing the nearly 50,000 supportersBlack and whitewho met the marchers in Montgomery. Production was limited, however, by the laborious process of removing the seeds from raw cotton fibers, which had to be completed by hand. Ranchers commonly raise grazing animals such as cattle and sheep.Some ranchers also raise elk, bison, ostriches, emus, and alpacas.The ranching and livestock industry is growing faster than any other agricultural sector in the world. It opened up national markets for selling and obtaining resources and helped lower costs of production. B. Although railroads caused certain problems, they also made possible the rapid growth of industry after 1865. His trial brought national attention to the organization, which at its peak in the late 1960s boasted some 2,000 members. Though he largely stayed out of the political spotlight after stepping down, Powell remained an admired figure in Washington and beyond. African. Floyd had been accused of using a counterfeit $20 bill at a local deli in Minneapolis. B. In another history-making appointment, Condoleezza Rice, Bushs longtime foreign policy adviser and the former head of the National Security Council, succeeded Powell, becoming the first African American woman to serve as secretary of state. Their aim was to capture enough ammunition to lead a large operation against Virginias slaveholders. Here's a look at some of read more, American Revolution During the American Revolution, thousands of Black Americans foughton both sides of the conflict. Originally intended to extend federal protection to civil rights workers, it was later expanded to address racial discrimination in the sale, rental or financing of housing units. rising demand for buffalo robes in the 1840s. They laid tracks, built trestles across rivers, carved tunnels through mountains, and built countless railroad stations. Bush. We want a minimum wage established, but we want it established by the solidarity [unity] of the working men themselves.We must not, we cannot, depend upon legislative enactments [authorizations] to set wage standards. Our greatest trouble has always been caused by extremists who, without shadow of authority, attempted to voice the sentiments of this Order; and from this day forward I am determined that no sniveling anarchist will speak for me, and if he attempts it under shadow of this organization, then he or I must leave the Order, for I will not attempt to guide the affairs of a society that is so lacking in manhood as to allow the very worst element of the community to make use of the prestige it has gained to promote the vilest of schemes against society. The right should be exercised with caution and self restraint; but it should exist, so that it may be invoked if the need arises. As the 19th century came to an end and segregation took ever stronger hold in the South, many African Americans saw self-improvement, especially through education, as the single greatest opportunity to escape the indignities they suffered. "I Will Fight No More Forever": Chief Joseph READ MORE:Mildred and Richard: The Love Story that Changed America. The act encouraged American Indians to become farmers. B. Republicans disagreed with President Johnson's Reconstruction Plan. By the end of the 1950s, African Americans had begun to be admitted in small numbers to white colleges and universities in the South without too much incident. https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/black-history-milestones. The New Yorker.The Hashtag Black Lives Matter. He ran again in 1988 and received 6.6 million votes, or 24 percent of the total primary vote, winning seven states and finishing second behind the eventual Democratic nominee, Michael Dukakis. The term Black lives matter was first used by organizer Alicia Garza in a July 2013 Facebook post in response to the acquittal of George Zimmerman, a Florida man who shot and killed unarmed 17-year-old Trayvon Martin on February 26, 2012. 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