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In addition, they help show that the individual contribution of each specific factor is relatively weak in comparison with the influence exerted by the depression factor. 3 I am so sad and unhappy that I can't stand it. Among women who have experienced intimate partner violence, those with comorbid PTSD and Major Depression show higher levels of symptomatology on the BDI-II than those with PTSD alone and those with no PTSD or Major Depression (Nixon, Resick, Nishith, 2004). Perceptions of the environment, suicidal ideation and problem-solving deficits in an offender population. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72(1), 3-18. In Dominican Republic the scientific research on depression is absent [55] which may negatively impact the development of cultural sensitive evidence-based interventions. Verywell Mind's content is for informational and educational purposes only. Notwithstanding the implications aforementioned, the current study has a number of limitations that should be mentioned. In contrast, all the corresponding bifactor models fitted well to the data. All participants agreed to participate voluntarily and provided written consent prior to complete the inventory and after information about purposes of the study were provided. If you are concerned about your level of depression, it is important to discuss your symptoms with a mental health professional. This can involve medical examinations and laboratory tests, as well as psychological assessments like the Beck Depression Inventory and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (Shankman et al., 2018). Moreover, despite most of the items variances were accounted by the general depression factor, the three specific factors (cognitive, affective, and somatic) explained a non-redundant amount of variance. The total scale was the only one that presented values greater than .80 ( = .89; corrected item-total correlations between .37 and .62). Penley, Wiebe, & Nwosu (2003) examined the psychometrics of the Spanish translation of the BDI II in a sample of predominantly Hispanic adults undergoing medical treatment for hemodialysis, many of whom were of lower SES. The BDI-II includes 21 items, each of which corresponds to a symptom of depression. Byrne, Stewart, & Lee (2004) examined the psychometrics of the Chinese Beck Depression Inventory-II with a sample of Hong Kong community adolescents. Consistent with previous research conducted by Beck, they identified 2 first-order factors (somatic and cognitive) and one second-order factor (depression). Cohen, J.A., Mannarino, A.P., & Knudsen, K. (2004). By latest estimates from the WHO, there are about 300 million people living with depression worldwide. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation. Psychiatry Investig. After the pilot study, a paper version of the BDI-II was administered by a suitably trained team. They found that none of the two-factor models have acceptable fit and, in contrast, all the corresponding bifactor models showed good fit indices, concluding that only BDI-II total score should be used to measure the severity of depression. Pearson Assessments. A multisite, randomized controlled trial for children with sexual abuse-related PTSD symptoms. There are different versions of the BDI: the original BDI which was published in 1961 and then revised in 1971 (BDI-1A), and the BDI-II which was published in 1961 (Wikipedia, 2007). What Is the Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale? 2. Neurovegetative symptom subtypes in young people with major depressive disorder and their structural brain correlates. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. Eur Psychiatry. (2002). Several versions of the BDI tool exist. It also differentiates between major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder in . In practice, this finding implies that BDI-II items can be summed to form an overall score, with higher total scores indicating greater level of depression severity [32]. The funder had no role in the design of the study, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. The BDI has also been found to be related to the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Survey and to a measure of alexithymia in a sample of Turkish adolescents (Sayar, Kose, Grabe, & Murat, 2005). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, BDI-II), created by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory, one of the most widely used instruments for measuring the severity of depression. More research is needed on the use of the BDI-II with diverse groups of adolescents. (2005) factor analyzed data from a low-income African American outpatient sample. Beck Depression Inventory (currently in its second edition as BDI-II) is a 21-item, self-rated inventory that evaluates the severity of depression in adolescents and adults. Content and Use of the Beck Depression Inventory A. Common depression assessment tools differ widely in the symptoms they ask about. Based on previous BDI-II research findings, several competing models were tested including one, two, three-factor models and bifactor models. ERIC Educational Resources Information Center. Psychiatry Research, 110, 291-299. In order to compare the fit of the models, the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was also considered. 7. Beck Depression Inventory 2nd edition (BDI-II) is one of the most commonly used instruments in research and practice to measure the presence and severity of The Beck Depression Inventory-IA was a revision of the first tool developed by Beck in the 1970s and protected in 1978. The BDI was developed by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, a psychiatrist, and released in 1961. Yes Psychological Assessment, 17(1), 110-114. Aaron T. Beck, M.D. Click through the PLOS taxonomy to find articles in your field. Comparison of two self-evaluation scales and clinical assessment with a structured questionnaire. The present study sought to examine the dimensionality and reliability of the BDI-II in Republic Dominican. Despite all limitations, we note that this is the first study to demonstrate the construct validity and reliability of the BDI-II in Dominican Republic. Steer, R.A., Clark, D.A., Beck, A.T., & Ranieri, W.F. Bleiberg, K.L., & Markowitz, J.C. (2005). Chron Respir Dis. The reference for the manual is: Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., & Brown, G.K. (1996). Depression stands out not only for its high prevalence, but also due to the probability of associated relapse and recurrence. The Beck Depression Inventory or (BDI), is a self-report questionnaire that contains 21 multiple-choice questions for the evaluation of the severity (0 to 3 possible score per item) of depression in both normal and psychiatric populations. Background: There have been several developments in research on emotional disorders in people with intellectual disability (ID). Is the Subject Area "Depression" applicable to this article? Journal of Counseling Psychology, 49(3), 381-385. These are clearly affected by the person, the person's world and the future. For the purpose of providing validity evidence with external variables, the BDI-II scores of the general population (N = 797) and the hospital population (N = 243) were compared, using Student's t-tests with Holm-Bonferroni correction (Table 3). There was neither difficulty in understanding nor negative commentaries about the scale content. The BDI can be used, but is not limited to, persons with stroke. Carmody, D.P. The BDI-II is designed to assess state-related depression and could be used as a quick weekly screener prior to therapy sessions. The Beck Depression Inventory - Second Edition (BDI-II) is a 21-item self-report measure designed to measure severity of depression consistent with symptoms of depression as presented in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fourth Edition (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association 1994) in both adolescents aged 13 years and older and adults (Beck et al. Hopefully, this study will help to change this situation. The other pro is that it has a very high internal consistency. (1961). BDI-II scores are correlated with scores on the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the MMPI-A, and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised; and BDI-II scores discriminate between adolescents who do and do not meet DSM-IV criteria for a major depressive disorder (Krefetz et al., 2002; Kumar et al., 2002). The BDI-II is a widely used 21-item self-report inventory measuring the severity of depression in adolescents and adults. Archives of general psychiatry, 4(6), 561-571. In particular, it would be worthwhile to further examine the capacity of BDI-II scores to discriminate between depressed and non-depressed subjects. The majority of psychometric studies conducted with adolescents in the United States have involved predominantly Caucasian samples and have not included large numbers of individuals of lower socio-economic status. Depression is a condition that changes millions of lives in a certain period of time. A PsychInfo search of Beck Depression Inventory or BDI AND trauma yielded 681 peer-reviewed journal articles (6/05). Its content validity is ensured because most of its items are equivalent to the DSM-IV criteria for depression. www.ub.uib.no/elpub/2001/h/308003/Hovedoppgave.pdf. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 26(4), 446-462. Items are on a four-point scale that ranges from 0 to 3. The psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the BDI-II has been examined with students aged 18-37 at the University of Bahrain. Psychol Assess. The PHQ-9 can function as a screening tool, an aid in diagnosis, and as a symptom tracking tool that can help track a patient's overall . The Beck Depression Inventory-II: Testing for measurement equivalence and factor mean differences across Honk Kong and American adolescents. Download full paper File format: .doc, available for editing. This test opened up a new dimension for health care professionals. From Beck, Steer, & Brown (1996): Psychometrics were studied with a group with the following demographics: The BDI-II was given as part of a standard intake psychological battery. Analyses of adolescents have identified different but related factor solutions (see below). Cross-cultural examination of measurement invariance of the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Measurement invariance is a prerequisite for considering the BDI equivalent across versions, and for using it to make valid . Subica et al. Depression and Anxiety, 19(3), 187-189. Internal reliability was moderate to high for all subscales and for the total scale. As such, it would be valuable to test the invariance measurement of the BDI-II factor structure found in this study across different samples in order to examine the robustness of the affective component as a single and differentiated domain of depression. Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & ERBAUGH, J. The BDI-II is based on the amended Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-A). Journal of Personality Assessment, 77, 568-580. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a self-report questionnaire used to measure the severity of depression. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57(3), 355-365. Scales for both groups had good internal consistencies. treatment [3,5]. Discriminant validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Beck Depression Inventory (II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory to confirmed clinical diagnosis of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 1961;4:561-571. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004. Once a person completes the short questionnaire, the scoring is straightforward and simple. They found good internal consistency (alpha=.92), and using confirmatory factor analysis, identified two first-order depression factors and one second-order general depression factor, similar to what has been reported in other samples. Motta, R.W., Newman, C.L., Lombardo, K.L., & Silverman, M.A. Confirmatory factor analyses with adolescent psychiatric inpatients (Osman et al., 2004) identified a 2-factor solution as the most parsimonious and interpretable. Download Free PDF. Author: Aaron T. Beck. Some items on the BDI have more than one statement marked with the same score. Convergent validity means that the BDI-II correlates highly with other measures of depression, such as the PHQ-9. The BDI-II is widely used and accepted as a measure of depressive symptomatology. Psychometric characteristics of the Beck Depression Inventory-II with college students of diverse ethnicity. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 20, 127-137. The BDI-II was revised in 1996 to be more consistent with DSMIV criteria for depression. (1998) examined the psychometrics of the BDI-II with adolescent outpatients and found good internal consistency. Behavioural inhibition and symptoms of anxiety and depression: Is there a specific relationship with social phobia? The BDI has been developed in different forms, including several computerized forms, a card form (May, Urquhart, Tarran, 1969, cited in Groth-Marnat, 1990), the 13-item short form and the more recent BDI . Aaron T. Beck created the beck Depression Inventory long back. The Pros And Cons Of Gay And Lesbians. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. The Beck Depression Inventory can be a helpful tool in assessing your level of distress but should not be used as a replacement for professional help. The PHQ-9 is the nine item depression scale of the patient health questionnaire. Use of the Beck Depression Inventory-II with adolescent psychiatric outpatients. [35] did not find confirmatory evidence for bifactor models but, instead, they found that a three-factor model consisting of affective, cognitive and somatic factors provided better fit to data in clinical and non-clinical samples. including the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Pittsburgh Sleep . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199750.s001. (1961). The present review will only consider those investigations which are primarily concerned with the validity or the . Verywell Mind articles are reviewed by board-certified physicians and mental healthcare professionals. The BDI-II can be administered orally by an examiner to those with reading difficulties or problems with concentration. Participants were selecting by convenience from general population (N = 797) and hospital population (N = 243). While Dominicans native language is the same that the language BDI-II version used in this study (i.e., Spanish), there are linguistic characteristics that may vary substantially. How do they differ and what does this mean for depression research? Journal of Personality Assessment, 78, 451-460. One study involving a confirmatory factor analysis of the CES-D and the original BDI, failed to validate a single-factor model (Skorikov & Vandervoort, 2003). So far, the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) has become one of the most widely used measures to assess depressive symptoms and their severity in adolescents and adults [4]. Cathebras, P., Mosnier, C., Levy, M., Bouchou, K., & Rousset, H. (1994). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-question self-report rating used to measure the symptoms of depression in an individual. Results have consistently shown good internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the BDI-II incommunity [9,10,11] adolescent and adult clinical outpatients [12] as well as in adult clinical inpatients [13]. It has been utilized both in clinical and research purposes with high reliability and validity as it is evidenced . Journal of Affective Disorders, 82, 315-320. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 9(1), 22-28. The items on the BDI-II were developed to assess an individual's depressive symptoms based on DSM-IV criteria for depressive disorders. (2001). (2005). 2017;14(1):30-36. doi:10.4306/pi.2017.14.1.30, Phan T, Carter O, Adams C, et al. The corresponding bifactor models to examine the capacity of BDI-II scores to discriminate depressed. Inventory ( BDI-A ) which may negatively impact the development of cultural sensitive interventions. Young people with major depressive disorder and their structural brain correlates disorder in et al., )! 17 ( 1 ), 446-462 if you are concerned about your level of,!, there are about 300 million people living with depression worldwide the BDI can be used as a quick screener. Examiner to those with reading difficulties or problems with concentration 17 ( )... 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