From 1965 to 1975, nearly 500,000 Marines served in Southeast Asia. The war was fought largely in North Vietnam and South Vietnam, though some fighting did occur in the neighboring territories of Cambodia and Laos. Not until 1995 did Vietnam release its official estimate of war dead: as many as 2 million civilians on both sides and some 1.1 million North Vietnamese and Viet Cong fighters. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Vietnam War Casualties record set contains 58,192 additional names of service people who lost their lives while serving overseas. These statistics were sourced from the appendix of On the offensive: the Australian Army in the Vietnam War 1967-1968. [95][96], The number of US military personnel in Vietnam jumped from 23,300 in 1965 to 465,600 by the end of 1967. In the United States, the Vietnam War became known as one of the most unpopular wars that the nation had ever been involved in. Civil War Deaths | How Many People Died in the Civil War? Following its 1945 defeat in World War II, Japan withdrew its forces from Vietnam, leaving the French-educated Emperor Bao Dai in control. Democide is the murder of persons by or at the behest of governments. [1] [1][note 1] The word casualty has been used in a military context since at least 1513. 1-86-NARA-NARA or 1-866-272-6272, Record Group 330: Records of the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Record Group 407: Records of the Adjutant General's Office, Collection COFF: Richard Coffelt, Richard Arnold, and David Argabright Collection. Called the American War in Vietnam (or, in full, the War Against the Americans to Save the Nation), the war was also part of a larger regional conflict (see Indochina wars) and a manifestation of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. US Army helicopters pour machine-gun fire into the tree line to cover the advance of ground troops. The US entered into war with Vietnam because they did not want the spread of Communism to occur in the democratic state of South Vietnam. [75], The PAVN/VC forces suffered around 600,000 wounded during the war,[76] and prior to the 1975 spring offensive, lost at least 26,880 soldiers taken prisoner - being released after the 1973 Peace Accords. Before the Second World War, Vietnam was occupied by the colonial French empire. Commander George L. Jackson said, "In response to this criticism, the Department of Defense took steps to readjust force levels in order to achieve an equitable proportion and employment of Negroes in Vietnam." Deaths caused by the South Korean military, North Vietnamese and Viet Cong military casualties, Disproportion of African American casualties. Of these, more than 13,000 were killed and 88,000 wounded, nearly a . Others are still yet to be discovered and over 1,200 Americans are still unaccounted for. 62. Encounter Books, December 2022. [79], The total number of American personnel who were KIA or died non-hostile deaths, were enlisted personnel with a casualty number of 50,441. Though North Vietnam lost, it won a major psychological victory. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963, but his successor, Lyndon B. Johnson, continued the work that Kennedy had started. As before, emphasis was placed on obtaining hard documentation, a task made easier as material became available on the Internet from governmental and private organizations. Specialized units such as the SeaBees, Scout Dog and Combat Tracker units, Navy SEAL/UDT, etc., usually are indexed under the next higher command. Shelby Stanton, writing in The Rise and Fall of an American Army, declined to include casualty statistics because of their 'general unreliability.' This was part of the Cold War effort to prevent the spread of Communism across the globe. He estimated that victims of democide (deliberate killing of civilians) included 214,000 by North Vietnam/VC and 98,000 by South Vietnam and its allies. Colonial France inhabited Vietnam through the end of World War II. The above figures on missing and wounded were calculated using Hanoi's declared casualty ratios for the period of 1945 to 1979, during which time the Communists incurred 1.1 million killed, 300,000 missing, and 600,000 wounded. Not all of these were military personnel; nearly half of the deaths of the Vietnam War were the deaths of civilians caught in the fighting. ^ 1st Cavalry Division was the unit with most casualties suffered during the Vietnam War with 32,036; including 5,444 KIA and 26,592 wounded. The Australians committed more forces to the war in Vietnam than any other foreign contributor (except for the United States, that is). The Vietnam War was a costly conflict between all sides from both a financial and military perspective. Meanwhile, the Soviet Union and China poured weapons, supplies, and advisers into the North, which in turn provided support, political direction, and regular combat troops for the campaign in the South. Learn about Vietnam war statistics and casualties. [35], For official US military operations reports, there was no established distinctions between enemy KIA and civilian KIA. Two further massacres were reported by soldiers who had taken part in them, one north of c Pho in, 426 killed in action, 74 died of other causes, 6 missing in action (all accounted for and repatriated), This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 15:26. Records with Unit Information on Military Personnel Who Died During the Vietnam War . He estimates that between 30 and 46% of the total war deaths were civilians. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. has the names listed in chronological order by date of loss. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. NVA/VC Casualties Reported by III MAF Units: 756 : H: Marine Aircraft . Contents1 What was the ratio [] Many black men who had previously been ineligible could now be drafted, along with many poor and racially intolerant white men from the southern states. [95][98] As a result, by the war's completion, total black casualties averaged 12.5% of US combat deaths, approximately equal to percentage of draft-eligible black men, though still slightly higher than the 10% who served in the military. [50][51] South Korean Marines reportedly perpetrated the H My massacre on 25 February 1968. Kennedys expansion stemmed in part from Cold War-era fears about the domino theory: if communism took hold in Vietnam, it would topple democracies throughout the whole of Southeast Asia, it was thought. The Vietnam War was fought in Vietnamese territory between mainly South Vietnam/the United States and the Viet Cong of North Vietnam. According to the Department of Veterans Affairs, we are losing an estimated 500 Vietnam veterans every day. Casualties - US vs NVA/VC. Ultimately, by the end of the war, India had suffered over two million fatalities. This list is organized in alphabetical order, and can be used to determine the place on the Vietnam Memorial where an individual's name can be found - the panel and line number to the right of the name. The 2nd Marine Brigade reportedly perpetrated the Binh Tai Massacre on 9 October 1966. It often refers not to those that are killed on the battlefield but to those who can no longer fight. Village battles were not uncommon as the two factions fought for control of the region. All rights reserved. According to RJ Rummel, from 1964 to 1975, an estimated 1,500 people died during the forced relocations of 1,200,000 civilians, another 5,000 prisoners died from ill-treatment and about 30,000 suspected communists and fighters were executed. [29] American bombing in Cambodia is estimated to have killed between 30,000 and 150,000 civilians and combatants. The number of casualties is simply the number of members of a unit who are not available for duty. Deaths in Cambodia and Laos were estimated at 273,000 and 62,000 respectively. North Vietnamese troops launched the Tet Offensive in January 1968, which was successful against South Vietnam and the U.S. The war persisted from 1955 to 1975 and most of the fighting took place in South Vietnam; accordingly it suffered the most casualties. Australian special operations units would go out into the jungles of Vietnam for weeks at a time, often without saying a word to one another in order to maintain complete silence as they stalked the Northern troops through the jungles. [26] The program resulted in an estimated 26,000 to 41,000 killed, with an unknown number possibly being innocent civilians. In 1982 the Vietnam Veterans Memorial was dedicated in Washington, D.C., inscribed with the names of 57,939 members of U.S. armed forces who had died or were missing as a result of the war. The Vietnam War became a painful lesson for many - from Washington, D.C. to Smalltown America. [8], Lewy estimates that 40,000 South Vietnamese civilians were assassinated by the PAVN/VC; 300,000 were killed as a result of combat in South Vietnam, and 65,000 were killed in North Vietnam for a total of 405,000 killed. From refugee camps in Southeast Asia, the great majority of boat people were resettled in more developed countries. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. The United States withdrew its forces in 1973, placing the onus on South Vietnam to fight its own battle. Following the end of French colonial rule in 1954 and break-up of the former French Indochina, the United States assumed the political mentorship and primary . In 1995 Vietnam . I feel like its a lifeline. The Coffelt Database available on this website is updated almost every night at 3 AM. Major Bruce Crandall made over 20 flights into intense enemy fire during a battle in the Ia Drang Valley, South Vietnam, in November 1965, evacuating 70 wounded and delivering ammunition. In the midst of an intense 3-week fight against the North Vietnamese Army in the province of Kontum, South Vietnam, elements of the U.S. Army 173d Airborne Brigade and the 503d Infantry Regiment assaulted a battalion of North Vietnamese soldiers entrenched on a hill outside the village . Refighting the Vietnam War. The government of Vietnam says that 4 million of its citizens were exposed to Agent Orange, and as many as 3 million have suffered illnesses because of it; these figures include the children of people who were exposed. The American death toll in the Vietnam War is currently known to be 58,220. Dr. Shulimson heads the History Writing Unit and is a graduate of the University of Buffalo, now the State University of New York at Buffalo. * The 143 men subsequently declared dead between 1973 and 2002 are not included in these totals. In October 1966, Defense Secretary Robert McNamara initiated Project 100,000 which further lowered military standards for 100,000 additional draftees per year. Who had the highest casualty rates in the Vietnam War? [61], According to the Vietnamese government's national survey and assessment of war casualties (March 2017), there were 849,018 PAVN military personnel dead, including combat death and non-combat death, from the period between 1960 and 1975. Necessarily, more is lost to time than is remembered. The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History The Army instigated myriad reforms, addressed issues of discrimination and prejudice from the post exchanges to the lack of black officers, and introduced "Mandatory Watch And Action Committees" into each unit. Last combat unit departs Vietnam ending the ground war August 11, 1972. . Fighting continued on a lesser scale for some time afterwards and refugee numbers rose sharply due to the continued conflict, but the development of a strong trading market in the 80s helped the nation become more unified. Many were never directly involved in the fighting, but rather were only caught in the crosshairs of South Vietnamese and North Vietnamese forces. A mass exodus in 1975 of people loyal to the South Vietnamese cause was followed by another wave in 1978 of boat people, refugees fleeing the economic restructuring imposed by the communist regime. Persian Gulf (1988) (Oil Platforms) 2. Some Vietnam War veterans that died between 1966 and 1968 came from Los Angeles, Sacramento, Yuba City, San Diego, Santa Ana and Whittier or Stockton.. California has the highest veteran count of all the U.S. states, totaling 596,130. The officially-reported numbers and categories below cover American Vietnam War deaths by age group, branch of service, service component, type of death, reason for death, race, religion, sex, state/protectorate and deaths by war year (including post-war). This was the turning point and the start of South Vietnam's defeat. . [19] Rummel's mid-level estimate includes 17,000 South Vietnamese civil servants killed by PAVN/VC. It is still a concern in Southeast Asia today. [62][63] Based on unit surveys, a rough estimate of 3040% of dead and missing were non-combat deaths. The Vietnam War officially came to an end in 1975 when South Vietnam surrendered to North Vietnam, unable to maintain the fight. According to statistics from the South Vietnamese Ministry of Health, 44.5% of civilians admitted to hospitals between 1967 and 1970 were wounded by mines or mortars, 21.2% by guns or grenades, and 34.3% by artillery or bombing. Harper Perennial; September 1991. but not without Marine and U.S. Air Force casualties. U.S. Marines in Vietnam, 1966, An Expanding War, 1982 . combat, provided close combat support or were at least fairly regularly. The Vietnamese, in the midst of the fighting, only had a growing desire to separate from colonial France and create their own nation. [19], Other casualties for the ARVN included up to 1,170,000 military wounded,[59] and 1,000,000 surrendered or captured. The study came up with a most likely Vietnamese death toll of 882,000, which included 655,000 adult males (above 15 years of age), 143,000 adult females, and 84,000 children. The boat people's first destinations were the Southeast Asian locations of Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. [36][37][41] All individuals killed in declared free-fire zones, combatants or not, were considered enemy killed in action by US forces . [55] Widespread reports of deliberate mass killings by Korean forces alleged that they were the result of systemic, deliberate policies to massacre civilians, with murders running into the hundreds. A 1975 US Senate subcommittee estimated around 1.4 million civilian casualties in South Vietnam because of the war, including 415,000 deaths. Nick Turse, in his 2013 book, Kill Anything that Moves, argues that a relentless drive toward higher body counts, a widespread use of free-fire zones, rules of engagement where civilians who ran from soldiers or helicopters could be viewed as VC, and a widespread disdain for Vietnamese civilians led to massive civilian casualties and endemic war crimes inflicted by U.S. Korean War Casualties Vietnam Casualties Advanced search Export results Vietnam Casualties. Accurate assessments of PAVN/VC losses, he wrote, were 'largely impossible due to lack of disclosure by the Vietnamese government, terrain, destruction of remains by firepower, and [inability] to confirm artillery and aerial kills.' The Vietnam War became a painful lesson for many - from Washington, D.C. to Smalltown America. Sometimes, the casualty rate is disproportionately high. * From 1956-1964, 417Americans died in Vietnam. The U.S. Constitution grants Congress sole authority to issue declarations of war. [46], The ROK Capital Division reportedly perpetrated the Bnh An/Ty Vinh massacre in February/March 1966. Relations between the United States and Vietnam were stable in the aftermath of the Vietnam War, and peace was maintained. The Vietnam Conflict Extract Data File of the Defense Casualty Analysis System (DCAS) Extract Files contains records of 58,220 U.S. military fatal casualties of the Vietnam War. The United States has spent over $65 million since 1998 as part of unexploded ordnance clearing operations. Memorial pages honoring Vietnam War casualties, listed by their last names. This prompted the official start of the Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War. In Qung Nam Province 4,700 civilians were killed in 1969. Total. But today, even as the U.S. military continues to grow more inclusive, most Americans are much less . Panama . The sum of those totals is 3,091,000 war deaths between 195575. Estimates include both civilian and military deaths in North and South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. Around 3.8 million casualties were suffered in total between both sides, with nearly half being civilian deaths. 20% of black males were combat soldiers, sailors, airmen and marines. 0. The Vietnam War was fought between 1954 (following the departure of the French) through 1975, when South Vietnam surrendered to North Vietnam. He succeeded in 1954 and established a Communist government. Updates? [26], RJ Rummel estimated that American forces killed around 5,500 people in democide between 1960 and 1972, from a range of between 4,000 and 10,000. The film follows the experiences of both Moore, portrayed by Mel Gibson, and his wife, Julia, played by Madeleine Stowe. [2], Arapaho tribe Cheyenne tribeLakota tribes, Vichy FranceItalian Social Republic 19431945Kingdom of Italy19421943, American units with the highest percentage of casualties per conflict, US units with most casualties per conflict, Union and Confederate numbers added together, The 215 casualty figure is disputed. Data for this series of conflicts includes military personnel killed in the attacks on the USS Cole on October 12, 2000, the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, and in Afghanistan and elsewhere since those dates. [66][67] After the U.S.'s withdrawal from the conflict, the Pentagon estimated PAVN/VC deaths at 39,000 in 1973 and 61,000 in 1974. The riot at the Long Binh Jail is the most publicized of thousands of racial incidents reported in South Vietnam between 1968 and 1971. succeed. In the late 1990s, others joined Richard's effort, contributing information and collating the collected material into digital form using the Holloway database as a baseline. The war persisted from 1955 to 1975 and most of the fighting took place in South Vietnam; accordingly it suffered the most casualties. Da Nang was the primary storage site of the chemical. The following year, in 1976, Vietnam was united as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. [71] The official US Department of Defense figure was 950,765 communist forces killed in Vietnam from 1965 to 1974. Against the background of the Cold War, the Vietnam War embroiled the United States, South Vietnam, and regional allies in a long and costly conflict against the regular forces of North Vietnam and the Communist Viet Cong guerillas. The Vietnam War was a long, deadly struggle that took place from 1954 to 1975 between North Vietnam and South Vietnam. American Greatness, by Victor Davis Hanson Original Article. The battle was later dramatized in the film We Were Soldiers. 2,594,000 personnel served within the borders of South Vietnam. The Virtual Wall uses the Coffelt Database (CDB) for unit assignment information. The human costs of the long conflict were harsh for all involved. However, side effects occurred because of Agent Orange. Grand total of war deaths: Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos (1954-75) 1,450,000: 2,450,000: 3,595,000: Civilian deaths in the Vietnam War . [11], Author Mark Woodruff noted that when the Vietnamese Government finally revealed its estimated losses (in April 1995) as being 1.1 million dead or missing, U.S body count figures had actually underestimated enemy losses. Per war: 191,605 deaths in the First Indochina War, 849,018 deaths in the Second Indochina War (Vietnam War), and 105,627 deaths in the Third Indochina War. . By nearly every metric, the Vietnam War was, in the common sense of the word, a war. Casualties fluctuated considerably from year to year, but a degree of accuracy can be inferred from the fact that 500,000 was 59 percent of the 849,018 total and that 59 percent of the war's days had passed by the time of Fallaci's conversation with Giap. [25][30], 18.2 million gallons of Agent Orange, some of which was contaminated with Dioxin, was sprayed by the U.S. military over more than 10% of Southern Vietnam[31] as part of the U.S. herbicidal warfare program Operation Ranch Hand during the Vietnam War, from 1961 to 1971. These records were transferred into the custody of the National Archives and Records Administration in 2008. The "patrol boat: riverine," or Navy PBR, was the first watercraft built for the so-called brown water navy in Vietnam. The Vietnam War was costly to the U.S. Marine Corps. Copies of WWII though Vietnam era (men born April 28, 1877 to March 28, 1957) Selective Service Records may be obtained from the National Personnel Records Center, in St. Louis, for a fee. Causes of ongoing deaths and side effects include. Discover the countries that took part in the Vietnam war and how many people died in the Vietnam war. Answer (1 of 4): The Army lost the most which makes sense as they had the most number of soldiers serve in Vietnam. Of the 7877 officer casualties, 7595 or 96.4% were white, 147 or 1.8% were black; 24 or . More than 58,000 American casualties of the Vietnam War are commemorated on the Vietnam Wall in Washington, DC. Based on unit surveys, . 1968 Tet Offensive - Hanoi failed in its most ambitious goal of producing a general uprising in the South, it suffered more than 45,267 (mainly Viet Cong) deaths but gained a propaganda, political and strategic victory. [99][100] In 2012 alone, unexploded ordnance and claimed 500 casualties in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia, according to activists and Vietnamese government databases. Deaths in the Vietnam War. The term casualty in warfare can often be confusing. 1. The numbers below are not exact, as there are still personnel who have not been identified or are identified as missing. The United States committed some 550,000 troops to the Vietnam front at the height of the conflict, suffered more than 58,000 casualties, and engaged in battle after battle with communist forces in the region until its withdrawal in 1973. The majority of these soldiers were between the ages of 21 and 28. Moyar, Mark. , Other casualties for the ARVN included up to 1,170,000 military wounded, nearly a in! Every metric, the Vietnam War 1967-1968 the Viet Cong military casualties, Disproportion of African American casualties the... Sourced from the appendix of on the battlefield but to those that are killed on Vietnam. 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